Chapter 1

Exercises

a) The company that popularized personal computing was
Apple
b) Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer
Program
c)_________is a type of computer language that uses Englishlike abbreviations for machine language instructions.
Assembly Language
d) _________languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily.
High-Level
e) The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer’s _______.
Machine Language
e) The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer’s ________.
Compilers
g) ________, or labeling content, is another key part of the collaborative theme of Web 2.0.
Tagging
h) With _________ development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in developing, maintaining and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that software for their own purposes, typically at no charge.
Open-Source
i) The _____ was the predecessor to the Internet.
ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
j) The information-carrying capacity of a communications medium like the Internet is called ______.
Bandwidth
k) The acronym TCP/IP stands for _______.
Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

a) The _______ allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.
World Wide Web
b) _______ founded an organization—called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)—devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web.
Tim Berners-Lee
c) _____ are reusable software components that model items in the real world.
Objects
d) ________ is a smartphone operating system based on the Linux kernel and Java.
Android

a) Objects have the property of —although objects may know how to communicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented.
Information Hiding
b) In object-oriented programming languages, we create to house the set of methods that perform tasks.
Classes
c) The process of analyzing and designing a system from an object-oriented point of view is called.
Object-Oriented Analysis & Design
d) With , new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own.
Inheritance
e) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered of the object’s class.
Attributes

a) False. HTML is a markup language.
b) False. By separating page styling from page content and structure, you can change the look and feel of the pages on an entire website, or a portion of a website, simply by swapping out one style sheet for another.
c) False. A Domain Name System (DNS) server maintains a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses, and performs the translations automatically.

The process of instructing the computer to solve specific problems is called programming.
What type of computer language uses English-like abbreviations for machine-language instructions? Assembly language.
The level of computer language most convenient for you to write programs quickly and easily is high-level language.
The only language that a computer understands is called that computer’s machine language
Web 2.0 embraces an architecture of participation a design that encourages user interaction and community contributions.
Collective intelligence is the concept that a large diverse group of people will create smart ideas.

a) is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the functionality of web servers, to provide applications for consumer devices and for many other purposes. ANS: Java
b) initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX operating system. ANS: C
c) The Web 2.0 company is the fastest growing company ever. ANS: Groupon
d) The programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories. ANS: C++

true
true
ture
false, Client-side scripting has limitations, such as browser dependency; the browser or scripting host must support the scripting language and capabilities. Scripts are re- stricted from accessing the local hardware and filesystem for security reasons. Another issue is that client-side scripts can be viewed by the client by using the browser’s source-viewing capability. Sensitive information, such as passwords or other person- ally identifiable data, should not be on the client. All client-side data validation should be mirrored on the server. Also, placing certain operations in JavaScript on the client can open web applications to attack and other security issues.

a) is the next-generation Internet Protocol that features built-in security and a new addressing scheme, significantly expanding the number of addresses available.
IPv6
b) HTML documents normally contain , which, when clicked, load a specified web document.
hyperlinks
c) A contains information that directs a browser to the resource that the user wishes to access; make such resources available to web clients.
URL, web Servers
d) The two most common HTTP request types are and .
get and post
e) Web-based applications are multitier applications. The (also called the data tier or the information tier) maintains the application’s data and typically stores data in a relational database management system. The implements business logic, controller logic and presentation logic to control interactions between the application’s clients and its data. The , or client tier, is the application’s user interface, which gathers input and displays output.
Bottom tier, middle tier, top tier.
f) , the fastest growing mobile and smartphone operating system. is based on the Linux kernel and Java.
Android